Photos from the 2024 Great Solar Eclipse

Posted on April 14, 2024 by Benoit Guertin

This was my first time experiencing a total eclipse, and it did not disappoint! But the day did not go as planned.

April 8, 2024 total solar eclipse
Montreal, Canada
Benoit Guertin

A friend amateur astronomer invited me to his cottage in Sutton, Quebec, to be able to view the eclipse in a location that was ideal, located just a few kilometers from the center of the path of totality. At that spot, the eclipse would last nearly 3 minutes and 30 seconds. The forecast was for perfect blue skies, in fact eastern Quebec appeared to be the best spot in all of North America to watch the eclipse without cloud cover.

That morning I planned my trip, packed up the car with my telescope, camera, laptop table, chair, and was looking forward to the day. According to Google Maps, I would get to Sutton with 1hr to spare, enough time to setup the equipment.

However once on the road the traffic situation changed rapidly as thousands of people were heading out to the eastern townships searching the ideal place to view the eclipse. Montreal being an island, the crossing points are limited and this resulted in terrible gridlock traffic as everyone appeared to hit the road at the same time. Two hours later, when I should have been approaching Sutton, I was still on the island of Montreal trying to make it across a bridge.

There I was sitting in a traffic jam, Google Maps kept increasing the ETA as I was barely moving a car length per minute and I was loosing all my equipment setup time. On top of that, I was starting to wonder if I even had enough gas in the car to make it. Creeping along in stop-n-go traffic was killing the fuel economy. I was starting to wonder if I should think of a plan B.

With a lot of patience I reached Brossard on the south short and was now on highway 10 to the eastern townships, free from the city of Montreal. But the highway was behaving closer to a shopping center parking lot on December 23rd. The worse scenario was starting to materialize: stuck on a highway with my telescope and gear in the trunk and no place to setup. Would the shoulder of a highway be my destination?

I was now next to an offramp and the next exit was over 10 kilometers away, likely a 1 hour ordeal. I decided to get off the highway, abandon the Sutton destination and go for plan B: find a suitable spot to setup. The eclipse would begin in 1 hour, I needed to find a spot quickly.

That arrived moments later as I spotted from the highway a commercial zone with a vacant lot away from buildings. It would have to do, my nerves were about to fray. There was amble space to safely setup my gear with no disruptions and more importantly, time to do so before the eclipse would start.

I’m sure there were people driving by wondering what I doing there, but it didn’t matter as I was ready to observe and photograph the eclipse. Two visible sun spots on the sun were much welcomed focusing aids. But not being correctly polar aligned meant the sun would drift away every 5-10 minutes. Nothing would be perfect in these circumstances and that was OK.

I had photographed partial eclipses in the past, so seeing the Moon creep in front of the sun was interesting but not spectacular. That all changed when the eclipse became total and I was able to remove the solar filter from the telescope and really appreciate the show.

Total Eclipse – 08 April 2024, Montreal, Canada – Benoit Guertin

The total eclipse was surreal and freaky, I now understood why many people chase the next eclipse. I may not have made it to my friend’s cottage in Sutton and experience this with a bunch of other people. Instead I was able to give 100% of my focus to my equipment to capture the beauty of a total eclipse.

If you have a fun and interesting story around your experience of the eclipse, please do comment below.

Mineral Moon

Posted on January 7, 2024 by Benoit Guertin

Back in 2017 I color enhanced one of my photos of the moon to see if I could pick up the subtle hues due to the different minerals as I had seen some posts in forums. I decided to redo this experiment, but this time with a photo of the Super Blue Moon from August last year. I figured starting off with a brighter and sharper photo will yield better results.

Super Blue Moon - 31 August 2023
Benoit Guertin

Using a photo editor I duplicated the layer and boosted the color saturation. Then I blended both layers together to get a nice result. The reason why I don’t simply boost the saturation in the original image is that doing so also increases the “noise” in the image. Keeping a grayscale and a color layer separate preserves the details while enhancing colors.

Mineral Moon
August 31, 2023 - Benoit Guertin

The result is often referred to as the Mineral Moon because the difference in orange and blue hues are due to the different concentration of minerals in the regolith. Blueish areas are high in titanium, possibly as high as 10%, compared to on Earth where titanium is approximately 1% of the soil content. The orange, brown areas have higher iron content.

The newer and brighter impact craters are even more contrasting over the dark areas formed by old lava flow during the early formation of the Moon.

Who knew that with nothing more than a DSLR and small telescope from a backyard you can map the geology, age and minerals on the Moon. If you have a good photo of the Moon on your computer, give it a try!

Sun and Sunspot 3536

Posted on January 6, 2024 by Benoit Guertin

We’re heading into the peak of Solar Cycle 25, which should happen sometime in 2025, and active solar region 3536 produced on December 31st, the most powerful recorded solar blast since 2017, measured at X5. Don’t let the size of the sunspot fool you, it has been crackling with multiple C class flares since it appeared on the limb of the Sun. Flares are classified in increasing strength as A, B, C, M or X according to their X-ray emissions. X-class flares can cause disruptions in communication and GPS guidance here on Earth.

The above photo was taken with my Skywatcher 80ED apochromatic doublet telescope paired with a Canon 80D DSLR. Four different active solar regions are identified on the photo.

So far none of the ejecta from active region 3536 have struck Earth, but as this active region is still showing beta-gamma magnetic configuration there’s still a high chance of more flares.

Moon’s shadow passing over Earth

Video

On April 8, 2024 a total solar eclipse will be visible for people in Mexico, USA and Canada. The Moon will pass between Earth and the Sun, and those in the path’s of Moon’s shadow will be able to see an eclipse. I created the video below using Stellarium to show the shadow’s trajectory from west to east.

Safe Eclipse Viewing with Solar Filters

Posted on January 1, 2024 by Benoit Guertin

NASA – August 21, 2017 above Madras, Oregon

This coming April 8, 2024 a total solar eclipse will happen over much of the USA, including portions of Canada and Mexico. If you are planning to view or photograph the solar eclipse, you need to use the right solar filter to protect your eyes and your equipment. A solar filter is a special device that blocks most of the Sun’s light, allowing only a very small fraction to pass through. Without a solar filter, the intense brightness of the Sun can damage your retina, causing permanent blindness. It can also damage your camera sensor, lens, or telescope. I’m sure you’ve all seen or even experimented with burning or meting things using a magnifying glass and sunlight. I don’t need any further explanation.

There are different types of solar filters, such as glass, film, or foil filters. They have different advantages and disadvantages, depending on their cost, durability, optical quality, and ease of use. You should choose a solar filter that fits your budget, your equipment, and your viewing preferences. Some filters are designed to be attached to the front of your camera lens or telescope, while others are meant to be held in front of your eyes or mounted on a cardboard frame.

The simplest are cardboard glasses which have a solar film. They are cheap, you can get a dozen for less than $40 and anybody can use them to view the eclipse.

If you have equipment like a camera or a telescope, you can get the same solar film in a cell that can be mounted ahead of the optical body. These are a little more expensive but ensure a good fit and won’t fall off. Because they use a thin solar film, you must be careful when manipulating and storing them to avoid a tear or puncture. Don’t worry about the “ripples” in the film, it doesn’t affect the optical properties as the thickness is uniform.

What I use on my Skywatcher 80ED telescope

Film type solar filters can also be ordered as a sheet and then cut/mounted to size for your specific application. It’s often the simplest and cheapest way to protect your equipment.

Glass solar filters are also available for both DSLR and telescope use, but the price climbs quickly with increased size. So their application tends to be limited to DSLR lenses and will screw to the end of the lens body like your regular ND or UV filter.

Glass solar filters for DSLR and telescopes

When choosing a solar filter, you should look for one that has a certified rating of ND5 or higher. This means that it blocks 99.999% of the Sun’s light, leaving only 0.001% or less to reach your eyes or camera. You should also check that the filter is in good condition, with no scratches, holes, or cracks. A damaged filter can let in harmful rays that can hurt your eyes or equipment, not to mention mess up that once in a lifetime photo. I’ll put a link to Thousand Oaks Optical below, as I’ve been really happy with the quality and performance of the filter for my telescope.

A solar filter is essential for viewing or photographing a solar eclipse safely and effectively. It will allow you to see the Sun’s corona, the thin ring of light that surrounds the dark disk of the Moon. It will also help you capture stunning images of this beautiful phenomenon. Remember to use the right solar filter for your needs and enjoy the show!

Thousand Oaks Optical
B&H Photo

2024 Astronomy Calendar Published

Aside

The 2024 astronomy calendar is now published. Backyard astronomers can look forward to several celestial events, like the April 8 total solar eclipse, and the partial lunar eclipse on September 18th. Our favorite gas giants will be at opposition, this year in the following order: Saturn, Neptune, Uranus, and Jupiter.

One of the brightest star in the night sky disappeared for a few seconds

Posted on December 11, 2023 by Benoit Guertin

A once in a century astronomical event took placed on in the evening of December 11, when the bright red star Betelgeuse briefly winked out of the night sky for a few seconds. It wasn’t the talked about great dimming that is expected to preclude the explosive supernova ending of this red supergiant. It was caused by passing asteroid Leona. This is a rare and exciting opportunity for scientists to observe both objects in detail, as well as to test our knowledge of their sizes, shapes and orbits.

Betelgeuse Red Super Giant in Orion (Benoit Guertin)

We are all used to eclipses, when the Moon or Earth occults the other heavenly body and passes in the shadows. Asteroid-star occultations are actually very common, about half a dozen happen every day. However being able to observe one to the naked eye is extremely rare.

Betelgeuse is one of the largest and most luminous stars in the sky, located about 650 light-years away in the constellation of Orion. It is a red supergiant, if it were placed at the center of our solar system, it would engulf the orbits of Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. It is also a variable star, changing its brightness and color over time due to pulsations, convection and dust formation.

Asteroid Leona is a much smaller and fainter object, orbiting the Sun between Mars and Jupiter and originated from the outer asteroid belt. Leona is about 66 kilometers in diameter and has an irregular shape, but just large enough to block out a bright star such as Betelgeuse. Leona is a dark reddish high carbon asteroid making it a challenge to observe even with an amateur telescope at a magnitude 14 brightness, so only large telescopes will be able to capture the momentary dimming.

The occultation of Betelgeuse by Leona was visible from a narrow path across the Earth, stretching from southern Europe, Turkey, Greece, Italy, the tip of Florida and Mexico. The occultation is expected reduce the brightness by 3 magnitudes, making it disappear to the naked eye.

The occultation of Betelgeuse by Leona is a rare and valuable opportunity for both amateur and professional astronomers. It will allow us to measure the diameters and shapes of both objects with unprecedented precision, as well as to study their atmospheres and surfaces. It will also help us to refine our models of their orbits and motions, which are affected by various factors such as gravity, radiation pressure and thermal effects. Moreover, to the lucky few it was a sight that will not be repeated for many years to come.

October 14, 2023 Partial Solar Eclipse

Posted on October 15, 2023 by Benoit Guertin

Taking photos of a partial solar eclipse wasn’t high on my TO DO list on this past Saturday. Experiencing a solar eclipse is about location, and my city (Montreal) was not in the best path of the Moon’s shadow that day. At the maximum eclipse, the sun would be at best 17% covered from my viewing location. People in the south-west of the United States were the lucky ones to see the show.

As you may know, a partial solar eclipse happens when the moon covers only a part of the sun, creating a crescent-shaped sun. It’s not as spectacular as a total solar eclipse, but still pretty amazing to see. The problem is, you need clear skies to see it well. And that’s where the challenge came in.

When I glanced out around 11am, one hour before the start of the eclipse, it didn’t look good, I was worried that I would miss the eclipse, and any attempt to take photos ruined by clouds. The forecast was for partly cloudy and I could see patches of blue sky in the distant, so I decided to give it a try anyways and setup the equipment hoping for a few lucky minutes. Best to be ready for the few minutes that I may have. At worse case, if the clouds were thin I could still view it with an eyepiece.

I grabbed by Vixen Great Polaris motorized mount, got it installed in a rough polar alignment and gave it some power to track the sun. The telescope of was my Skywatcher 80ED (600mm f/7.5) simply because it’s the one that I have a solar filter that will fit. My DSLR, a Canon 80D is coupled to the telescope to capture the moment. A longer focal length would have been nice, but that will do. Now all I had to do is wait for a break in the clouds.

Clouds obscuring the solar eclipse, but a patch of blue sky kept my hopes up

And that break arrived at 12:50pm a few minutes before maximum eclipse (1:18pm). I had to be quick, center the image, adjust the focus and have the camera on the right setting. I settled with ISO 100 and 1/1000s to not over expose and reduce the blurring effect of the atmosphere.

When taking astronomy photos, don’t trust the light-meter of your camera, always check the histogram to ensure the peak image intensity doesn’t pass the 80% mark. You want to be sure you’re working within the dynamic range of your sensor and not getting some clipping.

Intensity histogram to control exposure — Adjust the exposure time to have the light intensity peak below 80% of the range

With that short 15 minute break in the clouds I was able make efficient use by letting my kids view the eclipse with an eye-piece, nothing like an unassisted live view, and then switched the setup to the DSLR for some photos.

Photo of Partial Solar Eclipse, October 14, 2023 (Montreal, QC) — Partial Solar Eclipse, October 14, 2023 (Montreal, QC)

As we are nearing another solar maximum, there’s no surprises in seeing a few sunspots in the photo. I find the sunspots add to the dynamic nature of our sun, that it’s not a steady and static source of light. There are 6 visible active solar regions in the photo, AR3464 and AR3465 being the most visible ones in the middle.

Sunspots 14-oct-2023 — The view of 6 active solar regions.

Even though I didn’t have ideal conditions I was happy how the photos turned out and the opportunity to witness this really cool event.

A reminder for all solar observation, the proper filter is required to protect your eyesight and the equipment. If you’ve ever played with a magnifying glass outdoors, you know that focusing the sun’s rays will melt or burn anything. The Thousand Oaks optical solar filter cuts out 99.999% of the sunlight such that observation an photography can be done safely.

Solar filter for safe viewing of the sun and eclipse

Forest Fires and a Red Moon

Posted on June 26, 2023 by Benoit Guertin

Most people are used to seeing or reading about a Blood Moon during a lunar eclipse. But other atmospheric conditions can cause the Moon to turn red, forest fire smoke being one of them. Due to large uncontrolled forest fires in Northern Quebec and dominant northwestern winds, vaste quantities of smoke made it’s way south to the Montreal area on June 25th creating this eerie blood red moon in the evening.

Red Crescent Moon due to forest fires on June 25, 2023

To comprehend why the moon turns red, we must first delve into the concept of atmospheric scattering. When sunlight reaches the Earth’s atmosphere, it interacts with particles and gases, scattering its various wavelengths. The shorter blue and green wavelengths disperse more easily, giving the sky its typical blue appearance during the day. On the other hand, the longer red wavelengths have a tendency to linger and scatter less, leading to a reddish hue during sunrise or sunset.

When forests experience wildfires or controlled burns, vast quantities of smoke are released into the atmosphere. This smoke consists of numerous particles, such as ash, soot, and other microscopic compounds. These particles can have a profound impact on the scattering of sunlight, resulting in unique atmospheric phenomena, including the red moon.

The particles present in forest smoke, especially those from larger fires, can scatter sunlight more effectively due to their small size and composition. When smoke particles disperse in the atmosphere, they cause the scattering of shorter wavelengths, such as blue and green, while allowing the longer red wavelengths to pass through with less interference. As a result, the moon, which reflects sunlight, takes on a reddish hue when viewed through the smoke-filled atmosphere.

This interplay between the scattered light and the moon’s reflection creates a visually stunning spectacle, where the moon seems to glow with an ethereal crimson radiance.

While the red moon phenomenon caused by forest smoke is undoubtedly mesmerizing, it serves as a stark reminder of the importance of forest conservation and proper fire management. Uncontrolled wildfires can have devastating consequences for ecosystems, wildlife, and humans. Through responsible land management practices, including controlled burns and fire prevention measures, the likelihood of large-scale forest fires can be minimized.

The above photo is a single shot, hand-held, taken with my William Optics Gran Turismo 71 f5.9 triplet with Canon80D. ISO6400 and 1/60s